1. Right Hand
2. The average time obtained in Pseudo Random test is 0.314ms in first trial (segment 1) and 0.274ms in the second trial (segment 2). The result shows that the reaction time has reduced by 0.04ms in Pseudo Random test.
The average time obtained in Fixed Interval test is 0.247ms in first trial (segment 3) and 0.260ms in second trial (segment 4). The result shows that the reaction time has increased in this trial by 0.013ms.
3. The result shows that the reaction time is increased in fixed interval response. The assumption that the reaction time for repeated performance of the fixed-interval response should reduce is valid as the respondent learn to expect the click sound at a fixed interval, which allows himher to get conditioned (conditional learning) to the rhythm. It is also because of increased anticipation which occurs with learning. Progressively the reaction time will reduce as the respondent becomes more and more acquainted to the interval.
4. A sensory neuron receives stimuli through dendrites and the impulse is sent through cell body, through axon to other neurons to the brain. The brain sends a message back to the body through motor neurons. The action happens according to the message sent from the brain. This process of sending and receiving message to and from the brain causes the delay, which is known as reaction time.
5. For segment 1 The data table gives fluctuating scores. But the trend indicates that the reaction time is reducing with each presentation (9th and 10th).
For segment 3 The data table shows fluctuating scores. But the trend indicates that the reaction time is reducing with few presentations (6th, 7th, and 9th).
6. Segment 4 shows the greatest change in mean reaction time compared to segment 1. The learning process in fixed interval test is better as the stimuli are presented at a fixed interval and the brain gets habituated to the time interval to respond.
7. Alcohol is a drug that depresses the central nervous system. A principal effect of alcohol is to reduce the brain activity, and depending on what, how much and how fast a person drinks, the result shows slowed reaction time.
8. In Alzheimers disease, microscopic structures, called plaques and tangles, begin to form, which slows the brain activity. This in turn shows slow reaction time. The reaction time suffers as the disease progresses.
Report 2
1. The electrical activity was recorded, even when no weight was being lifted to note the difference of electrical activity in muscle during rest and action.
2. As the weight increased (from light weight to heavy weight), the measured value also increased (from 0.86mvsec to 1.28mvsec). This explains that the electrical activity increases in the muscles as we increase the muscle tension.
3. The muscle stays the same length
The tension increases
4. The muscle length changes
The tension stays the same
5. Myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. In Myasthenia gravis, antibodies block, alter or destroy acetylcholine (neurotransmitter), which prevents the muscle contraction from occurring, leading to muscular weakness and atrophy.
6. During the process of urination, the brain signals the bladder muscles to contract, squeezing the urine out. When the bladder is full, a message is send to the brain urging the muscles to contract.
Report 3
2. The difference between the two readings is that the heart rate has increased during after the exercise. The increase in heart rate is due to the bodys need for oxygen during the exercises.
3. The red denotes the P wave. The dark think black elevation is QRS. The elevation at the end of the graph is T.
4. P Wave The P wave is for 80ms, during which the main electrical vector is directed from the SA node towards AV node, and spreads from the right atrium to the left atrium.
QRS Complex The QRS complex is a recording of a single heartbeat on the ECG that corresponds to the depolarization of the right and left ventricles. It stays for 70 to 110ms.
5. T Wave The T wave represents the re-polarization of the ventricles. The duration is for 160ms.
6. Auto-rhythmic fibers are self-excitable and repeatedly generate action potentials that trigger heart contractions. They continue to stimulate a heart to beat even after it is removed from the body.
7. (a) Mr. Patel and Mr. Smith
(b) Mr. Patel and Miss Abu
(c) Mr. Smith and Mrs. Jones
(d) Mr. Patel
(e) Mrs. Jones
(f) Miss. Abu
(g) Mr. Smith
(h) None
(i) Mrs. Jones
(j) Miss Abu
Report 4
1. During the spirometry experiment the participant must be seated in an upright position. The position of the head should be upright. The reason for the upright position is to have a free upper airway and also for the free movement of diaphragm.
2. Liters minute
3. Force of expiration
4. The readings on a peak flow meter tell you how open the airway is, so the asthma can be better managed. With the help of peak flow meter, you can see a drop in your readings even before your symptoms get worse.
5. EMBED MSPhotoEd.3
6. (a) Mr. Jones
(b) Mr. Jones, Ms. Kahn and Mrs. Singh
(c) Mr. O Reilly
(d) Mrs. Singh
(e) Mr Jones
7. INCLUDEPICTURE httpwww.icseguess.compapersquestion_bankximages2000_biology4.jpg MERGEFORMATINET
8.TermABCDEDefinitionDeficiency of oxygen in the tissuesDeficiency of oxygen in the erythrocytesRespiration rate greater than 24 in one minuteDifficulty in breathingA bluish coloration of the extremities and mucus membranes associated with hypoxia
9. (a) Shout for emergency help
(b) Initiate basic life support
10. (a) Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the red blood cell False
(b) Gaseous exchange occurs in the tertiary bronchus False
(c) Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into the red blood cell False
(d) 97 of oxygen is carried in the red blood cell attached to hemoglobin True
(e) The definition of apnea is a fast respiration rate. False
(f) The majority of carbon dioxide is carried by the hemoglobin present in erythrocytes. True
2. The average time obtained in Pseudo Random test is 0.314ms in first trial (segment 1) and 0.274ms in the second trial (segment 2). The result shows that the reaction time has reduced by 0.04ms in Pseudo Random test.
The average time obtained in Fixed Interval test is 0.247ms in first trial (segment 3) and 0.260ms in second trial (segment 4). The result shows that the reaction time has increased in this trial by 0.013ms.
3. The result shows that the reaction time is increased in fixed interval response. The assumption that the reaction time for repeated performance of the fixed-interval response should reduce is valid as the respondent learn to expect the click sound at a fixed interval, which allows himher to get conditioned (conditional learning) to the rhythm. It is also because of increased anticipation which occurs with learning. Progressively the reaction time will reduce as the respondent becomes more and more acquainted to the interval.
4. A sensory neuron receives stimuli through dendrites and the impulse is sent through cell body, through axon to other neurons to the brain. The brain sends a message back to the body through motor neurons. The action happens according to the message sent from the brain. This process of sending and receiving message to and from the brain causes the delay, which is known as reaction time.
5. For segment 1 The data table gives fluctuating scores. But the trend indicates that the reaction time is reducing with each presentation (9th and 10th).
For segment 3 The data table shows fluctuating scores. But the trend indicates that the reaction time is reducing with few presentations (6th, 7th, and 9th).
6. Segment 4 shows the greatest change in mean reaction time compared to segment 1. The learning process in fixed interval test is better as the stimuli are presented at a fixed interval and the brain gets habituated to the time interval to respond.
7. Alcohol is a drug that depresses the central nervous system. A principal effect of alcohol is to reduce the brain activity, and depending on what, how much and how fast a person drinks, the result shows slowed reaction time.
8. In Alzheimers disease, microscopic structures, called plaques and tangles, begin to form, which slows the brain activity. This in turn shows slow reaction time. The reaction time suffers as the disease progresses.
Report 2
1. The electrical activity was recorded, even when no weight was being lifted to note the difference of electrical activity in muscle during rest and action.
2. As the weight increased (from light weight to heavy weight), the measured value also increased (from 0.86mvsec to 1.28mvsec). This explains that the electrical activity increases in the muscles as we increase the muscle tension.
3. The muscle stays the same length
The tension increases
4. The muscle length changes
The tension stays the same
5. Myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. In Myasthenia gravis, antibodies block, alter or destroy acetylcholine (neurotransmitter), which prevents the muscle contraction from occurring, leading to muscular weakness and atrophy.
6. During the process of urination, the brain signals the bladder muscles to contract, squeezing the urine out. When the bladder is full, a message is send to the brain urging the muscles to contract.
Report 3
2. The difference between the two readings is that the heart rate has increased during after the exercise. The increase in heart rate is due to the bodys need for oxygen during the exercises.
3. The red denotes the P wave. The dark think black elevation is QRS. The elevation at the end of the graph is T.
4. P Wave The P wave is for 80ms, during which the main electrical vector is directed from the SA node towards AV node, and spreads from the right atrium to the left atrium.
QRS Complex The QRS complex is a recording of a single heartbeat on the ECG that corresponds to the depolarization of the right and left ventricles. It stays for 70 to 110ms.
5. T Wave The T wave represents the re-polarization of the ventricles. The duration is for 160ms.
6. Auto-rhythmic fibers are self-excitable and repeatedly generate action potentials that trigger heart contractions. They continue to stimulate a heart to beat even after it is removed from the body.
7. (a) Mr. Patel and Mr. Smith
(b) Mr. Patel and Miss Abu
(c) Mr. Smith and Mrs. Jones
(d) Mr. Patel
(e) Mrs. Jones
(f) Miss. Abu
(g) Mr. Smith
(h) None
(i) Mrs. Jones
(j) Miss Abu
Report 4
1. During the spirometry experiment the participant must be seated in an upright position. The position of the head should be upright. The reason for the upright position is to have a free upper airway and also for the free movement of diaphragm.
2. Liters minute
3. Force of expiration
4. The readings on a peak flow meter tell you how open the airway is, so the asthma can be better managed. With the help of peak flow meter, you can see a drop in your readings even before your symptoms get worse.
5. EMBED MSPhotoEd.3
6. (a) Mr. Jones
(b) Mr. Jones, Ms. Kahn and Mrs. Singh
(c) Mr. O Reilly
(d) Mrs. Singh
(e) Mr Jones
7. INCLUDEPICTURE httpwww.icseguess.compapersquestion_bankximages2000_biology4.jpg MERGEFORMATINET
8.TermABCDEDefinitionDeficiency of oxygen in the tissuesDeficiency of oxygen in the erythrocytesRespiration rate greater than 24 in one minuteDifficulty in breathingA bluish coloration of the extremities and mucus membranes associated with hypoxia
9. (a) Shout for emergency help
(b) Initiate basic life support
10. (a) Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the red blood cell False
(b) Gaseous exchange occurs in the tertiary bronchus False
(c) Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into the red blood cell False
(d) 97 of oxygen is carried in the red blood cell attached to hemoglobin True
(e) The definition of apnea is a fast respiration rate. False
(f) The majority of carbon dioxide is carried by the hemoglobin present in erythrocytes. True
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