Biology

The bacterial structures that enable these bacteria to be packaged include that both bacteria produce spores and have protein crystals in addition to the cell wall. Moreover, these bacteria are monomorphic which means they maintain a sole shape and hence they can be identified and packaged with ease. Bacillus thuringensis (Dipel) is used in controlling and killing of larvae of insects like mosquitoes, beetle, black flies, moth and many more. When the insect eats the toxic crystals from the pesticide, the toxin gets activated since their digestive system has got alkaline PH. Consequently, the toxin inserts within the cell membrane of the gut of the insect developing a pore and then swelling, followed by lysis and lastly killing the insect (Madigan, 2005). B. subtilis (Kodiak) is used in controlling of several leaf spot and after harvest diseases because it has ability of forming endospores and hence aiding long storage and comparatively simple commercialization of seed products. For instance, it is used in protection of cotton and some other crops from seedlings diseases (Madigan, 2005).

B. Transport of glucose molecules across the plasma membrane  
Glucose molecule is gotten from a starch polymer through facilitated diffusion whereby the molecules move across the cell membrane through particular transport proteins that are rooted in the cellular membrane. The cell transports the glucose in that the glucose binds to a glucose transporter protein to the plasma membrane of a given cell. As a result, the transporter protein changes its conformation and the release of glucose follows. The glucose inside the cell is instantly phosphorylated (Fitzgerald, 2006). After this, the transporting protein binds to the receptor on the plasma membrane and this conveys a signal to raise the quantity of glucose transporter protein on the cells surface. This then raises the quantity of glucose conveyed from the outside of the cell to into the cell (Fitzgerald, 2006).