Ocean Swimming and Environmental Health.
What types of illnesses might people get from swimming in the ocean What are some routes of exposure
When swimming in the ocean things that should stay foremost on your mind, is the fact that waterborne diseases are always a risk within any body of water. Main indicators are the microbes Escherichia coli, streptococci, and fecal coliform. These strains of bacteria are responsible for febrile respiratory illness and ear ailments (Shibata, 2004). Contaminants can be found on the sand and in the water. We test for both to ensure the safety of swimmers.
From a managerial standpoint, would it be practical for your department to sample beach water for pathogens Why or why not What are some of the economic considerations involved
Daily beach water sampling is performed to ensure environmental safety for swimmers. There are times that the ocean may have stronger densities of the strains of bacteria. When this occurs the ocean is extremely unhealthy for swimmers as the risk of contamination is high. As the samples are being conducted No Swimming signs are posted. If contaminant levels warrant, the no swimming signs are kept in place (SFPUC, 2009).
Reasons for possible stronger densities are right after rain fall where elevated bacteria levels are noted, also at times when treated CSS discharges occur. Proper warning signs are displayed as well as warnings by internet sites and e-mail notifications to applicable government and non-government agencies (SFPUC, 2009).
Would we get a complete understanding of health risk by testing only for indicators
When testing is performed sampling consists of water, plants and animals. Some are dissected to gauge toxicity levels and specific contaminants. Chemical testing is also done for organic and inorganic compounds. In total all testing consists of sampling, physical testing, chemical testing and biological testing in order to determine specific contaminants (SFPUC, 2009).
Why do we use acceptable risk thresholds to manage beaches
Research has found that non-swimmers are just as prone at certain thresholds, to be exposed to the same contaminants or strains of bacteria as swimmers. Therefore the cause of exposure cannot fully be proven to be related to the ocean in itself. The daily samplings help determine when density of contaminants are at a level indicating the ocean is unsafe for swimming (Reyna, 1999).
When swimming in the ocean things that should stay foremost on your mind, is the fact that waterborne diseases are always a risk within any body of water. Main indicators are the microbes Escherichia coli, streptococci, and fecal coliform. These strains of bacteria are responsible for febrile respiratory illness and ear ailments (Shibata, 2004). Contaminants can be found on the sand and in the water. We test for both to ensure the safety of swimmers.
From a managerial standpoint, would it be practical for your department to sample beach water for pathogens Why or why not What are some of the economic considerations involved
Daily beach water sampling is performed to ensure environmental safety for swimmers. There are times that the ocean may have stronger densities of the strains of bacteria. When this occurs the ocean is extremely unhealthy for swimmers as the risk of contamination is high. As the samples are being conducted No Swimming signs are posted. If contaminant levels warrant, the no swimming signs are kept in place (SFPUC, 2009).
Reasons for possible stronger densities are right after rain fall where elevated bacteria levels are noted, also at times when treated CSS discharges occur. Proper warning signs are displayed as well as warnings by internet sites and e-mail notifications to applicable government and non-government agencies (SFPUC, 2009).
Would we get a complete understanding of health risk by testing only for indicators
When testing is performed sampling consists of water, plants and animals. Some are dissected to gauge toxicity levels and specific contaminants. Chemical testing is also done for organic and inorganic compounds. In total all testing consists of sampling, physical testing, chemical testing and biological testing in order to determine specific contaminants (SFPUC, 2009).
Why do we use acceptable risk thresholds to manage beaches
Research has found that non-swimmers are just as prone at certain thresholds, to be exposed to the same contaminants or strains of bacteria as swimmers. Therefore the cause of exposure cannot fully be proven to be related to the ocean in itself. The daily samplings help determine when density of contaminants are at a level indicating the ocean is unsafe for swimming (Reyna, 1999).
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